VBR Inc - Tighten the Core

References:

1  National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke:  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/detail_backpain.htm
2  Rainville, MD, et al.  Exercise as a treatment for chronic low back pain. Spine J; 2004, 4(1): 106-15.  
3  Liddle, SD et al.  Exercise and chronic low back pain: what works? Pain; 2004 107(1-2): 176-90.
4  Danneels LA et al. CT imaging of trunk muscles in CLBP Pts & healthy control subjects. Eur Spine J 2000; 9:266-72.
5  Mooney, V. MD. How to have a health back, backstrong.com. 2003. 
6  Solomonow, PhD, MD et al. Spine 1998; 23 (23): 2552-2562.
7  Mooney, Vert, MD. Backstrong.com; 2001 & 2003.
8  Mooney, MD. J Musculoskeletal Medicine 1995; Oct: 33-39.
9  Dickenson A., Bennett K: Clin Sports Med. Vol. 4, No. 3, July 1985. Chiropractic Rehabilitation Vol. 1, p. 41.
10 Keller, MD, et al.  Trunk Muscle Strength, Cross-sectional Area, and Density in Patients w CLBP Randomized to Lumber
   Fusion or    Cognitive Intervention and Exercises.  Spine; 2004 29(1): 3-8. 
11 Adams Hutton WC Gradual Disc Prolapse, Spine 1985; 10:524-531.
12  Callahan J., McGill SM, Intervertebral Disc Herniations, Clinical Biomechanics 2001: 16(1) 28-37.
     Callahan and McGill have been able to consistently produce disc herniations by mimicking spine motion 
         and load patterns seen in workers and in replicating the motion and loads of some lumbar extension exercise machines (12, 13 ). 
13 Liebenson C.,Rehabilitation of the Spine, 2nd edition pp.96-97
14 Carpenter N., Low back strengthening , Med. Sci. Sports Exercise,1999;31(1):18-24

15 Lee J.H.,et al., Incidence of Low Back Pain, 5 yr study. JNMS 1999;7(3):97-101

16 Takahashi I., Mechanical Load on the Disc. Spine 2006:31 :18-23.

17 Vuori I.M.,Physical Activity and Low Back Pain,O.A., Med. Sci. Sport and Exercise. 2001:33:S55-S586

18 Christensen K., Chiropractic Rehabilitation. Vol.1 p.41

19 Liebenson C.,Rehabilitation of the Spine. 2nd edition pp15-16

20 Leibenson C., Rehabilitation of the Spine. 2nd edition .pp300-301

21 Solomonow M. et al., Biomechanics…Low Back disorder. Spine 2003:28:1235-1248

22.Liebenson C., Rehabilitation of the Spine. 2nd edition.  pp303-305 

23 Slosberg, Dr. Malik, Review of Literature, Ref. 1-8, 14-17.
24 National Committee for Quality Assurance; http://web.ncqa.org/tabid/137/Default.aspx
25 Wall Street Journal, May 16, 2007 (Personal Journal; D1) 'Better Ways to Treat Back Pain'